In the case of a national ban on deportation

If you have been granted a residence permit for Germany on the basis of a national ban on deportation and have no or only a low income, you have a right to social welfare benefits according to the German Social Code II (“SGB II”). This also includes health insurance.

If you become ill, you can go directly to a doctor with the health card issued by the insurance company. 

You have to file the application for social welfare benefits at the job center.